ENOW

Exploring the Nature of Wyoming

2003 – 2009 offerings hosted on YouTube

The Sustainable Management of Rangeland Resources (SMRR) Initiative Team is developing a series of 60 to 90 second video segments which present science based wisdom about Wyoming's Natural Resources. Contributors include Tom Heald, Gene Gade, Eric Peterson, Barton Stam, Rachael Mealor, Ashley Garrelts, Greg Irwin, Paul Meiman, Justina Russell, and Zola Ryan.

Funding for this effort has been generously contributed by:

Wyoming Private Grazing Lands Team, EnCana Oil and Gas, and Wyoming Cooperative Extension Service

To organize the topics of the videos and assist you in locating videos of interest, the following links will take you directly to ENOW video groupings (playlists).

Plants	Wyoming History	Wildlife
Fire	Rangeland/Soil	Water
Grazing	Climate	Small Acreage
Erosion Events	Energy	Geology

All the videos have been posted by the username ENOW2008. You can search for keyword "ENOW2008" to list our videos in the native YouTube environment. We welcome your comments and suggestions for new video topics. Feel free to leave your comment for the video you watch.

The following contains direct links to specific videos and a very brief introduction to the content.

Video Title - links to YouTube external site	Video Script
ENOW Intro - Gas Pathways ENOW's TV banner and Gas Pathways video	Gas Pathways - 2009
Heart Mountain Geology Heart Mountain is a remnant of a massive landslide. This big chunk of a plateau is a mile thick, thousands of acres in size, rumbled 40 miles and is resting on sediments younger than it is. Amazing!
Grizzly Bears The recovery of the Grizzly Bear population has been a success, but not without tradeoffs.
Poisonous Plants Poisonous plants wage chemical warfare against the animals who would eat them - and some of the plants who would live with them!
Wolves The reintroduction of the Grey wold has been successful from a population standpoint, but also successful in stirring the embers of controversy.
Agriculture in the Bighorn Basin The Bighorn basin is an important agricultural breadbasket in Wyoming.
Heart Mountain History Heart Mountain serves as a sentinel over the Heart Mountain Relocation Center where Japanese Americans were interred shortly after the outbreak of World War II.
Dead Indian Pass Named by history's events, Dead Indian Pass continues to be an important passage for today's traveler.
Basin Big Sagebrush One of Wyoming's many sagebrush species, Basin Big Sage is the giant, and is well adapted to specific locations in Wyoming's landscape
Boar's Tusk A prominent landmark, the Boar's Tusk is a volcanic neck, a massive and extremely interesting feature of Wyoming's landscape
The Powell Expedition Expedition Island was the launch point of John Westley Powell's exploration of the west's Green and Colorado River systems
Castle Rock and The Palisades An ancient lake from 50 million years ago deposited sediments which shape the landscape and the mineral richness of Wyoming
South Pass Trails South Pass - a pioneer gateway, is famous because of what happened here. Important events occurred here because it is lacking big and spectacular landforms - making it an important passageway across the Rocky Mountains.
Historic South Pass City With roots in a gold strike, South Pass City has an amazingly rich, albeit short boom town history and is now a premier historical site.
Red Canyon A recognized feature of Wyoming, under the management of a Coordinated Resource Management program integrating cattle ranching, wildlife interests, etc.
Rare Red Canyon Plants Rare Plants at Red Canyon
Juniper Control Juniper is a plant which brings a mix bag of benefits and problems, and the management challenges which accompany such a mix!
Geology from Beaver Rim The forces shaping the geology of west central Wyoming
Beaver Rim Plants Beaver Rim, in central Wyoming is a place whose environment has fostered unique adaptations in the plant community
Elk Antlers Elk antlers are bones which grow and are shed annually and which play an important role in the behavior of elk.
Wyoming Ruminants Ruminants have specially adapted digestive systems enabling them to employ high cellulose feeds.	Ruminants - 2009
Precipitation Timing on Range is Important Timing of precipitation in Wyoming's arid lands is more important than the amount!	Precipitation Timing - 2009
Gas Pathways Wyoming's Natural Gas Resources follow pipelines to the consumer	Gas Pathways - 2009
Greasewood Greasewood is a hardy shrub of some of Wyoming's toughest rangeland	Greasewood - 2009
Wind - Your New Best Friend We've been harnessing Wyoming's wind energy for years, Now there are new uses!	Wind Turbines - 2009
Russian Knapweed Russian Knapweed - a noxious weed - is being selectively controlled through IPM	Russian Knapweed - 2009
Pocket Gophers Pocket Gophers are burrowing rodents that till the soil	Pocket Gophers - 2009
Castle Gardens - A Magical Place Castle Gardens is famous for its unique rock shapes and Indian rock art ...	Castle Gardens - 2008
Plant Community Boundaries Plant community boundaries tend to shift back and forth depending on environmental changes ...	Plant Boundaries - 2008
The Killpecker Sand Dunes The Killpecker sand dunes are the largest active dune fields in North America, covering 109000 acres ...	Killpecker Sand Dunes - 2008
Mule Deer of Wyoming Mule deer are named for their long mule-like ears ...	Mule Deer - 2008
The Mysterious Popo Agie River The Popo Agie River flows into Sinks Canyon, disappears down a cavern, and emerges 0.25 miles away at what is called The Rise ...	Sinks Canyon - 2008
Wyoming's Forests Wyoming's forests are filled with diverse tree and shrub species ...	Wyoming’s Mountain Forests - 2008
The Habitat of Moose Moose are found in southern Wyoming in the Snowy Range Mountain meadows ...	Southern Wyoming Moose - 2008
Pine Trees and Needle Drop In Autumn pine trees typically experience needle drop, similar to Aspen leaves changing color ...	Fall Colors - 2008
Wind Turbines Wind turbines are used to harness energy and produce electricity from one of Wyoming's abundant natural resources ...	Wind Turbines - 2008
The Mountain Man Rendezvous Fur trappers from across the Rocky Mountain Region gather in what is now Sublette County Wyoming for their rendezvous ...	Mountain Man Rendezvous - 2008
Wyoming Rangeland Ecology Wyoming's rangelands are very resilient and with stood heavy grazing throughout history ...	Independence Rock Range - 2008
The Open Spaces of Wyoming Open space is important for three reasons, which are explored in this video ...	Open space - 2008
The History of Independence Rock Independence Rock was designated a Landmark on July 4, 1824 ...	Independence Rock History - 2008
Plant Drought Strategies Three strategies desert plants have to cope with drought are explored in this video ...	Plant Drought Strategies - 2008
Facts about Trumpeter Swans Trumpeter swan pairs mate for life and can live for 20-30 years ...	Trumpeter Swans - 2008
Wyoming's Bighorn Sheep Bighorn sheep are able to negotiate rough terrain that would put the scare in many of us humans ...	Bighorn Sheep - 2008
Russian Olive - A Noxious Weed Russian Olives are fast, nondescriminant, non-native trees found in Wyoming ...	Russian Olives - 2008
Anchor Dam Anchor Dam provides flood protection and a small ammount of irrigation water for the Thermopolis area	Anchor Dam - 2008
Hells Half-Acre Hells Half-Acre is a geological mismatch located between Casper and Shoshoni Wyoming ...	Hell’s Half Acre - 2008
Coalbed Methane Production Coalbed methane accounts for about 7% of the natural gas production in the United States ...	Coal Bed Methane - 2008
The Process of Adibiatic Cooling and Heating Changes in air pressure and temperature cause adibiatic clouds ...	Mountain Clouds and Weather - 2008
Snow Fences 2 Video explores the benefits of snow fences for Wyoming's highways ...	Snowfence Highway - 2008
Nonpoint Source Pollution Sources of nonpoint pollution range from old car batteries and fertilizer to pet	Non Point Source Pollution - 2007
Fort Phil Kearny Fort Phil Kearny was built on a low bench between the Piney and Little Piney	Fort Phil Kearny Redux - 2007
Hydroelectric Dams Wyoming has 13 hydroelectric powerplants spread across the state ...	Hydroelectric Power - 2007
The Wyoming Toad The Wyoming Toad was once thought to be extinct ...	Wyoming Toad - 2007
Skunkbrush Skunkbrush is a member of the cashew/nut family ...	Skunkbrush - 2007
Wedding of the Waters Wedding of the Waters is where the Wind River becomes the Bighorn River ...	The Wedding of the Waters - 2007
Fossil Butte Fossil Butte is a world famous site located in Wyoming ...	Fossil Butte National Monument - 2007
Cattle Barons Cattle barons once ruled Wyoming's rangelands ...	Cattle Barons - 2007
Rabbitbrush 2 Rabbitbrush can serve as a good landscape plant ...	Rabbitbrush - 2007
Aspen Alley Aspen Alley is located between Baggs and Encampment Wyoming ...	Aspen Alley - 2007
Wyoming's Railroad History Three million acres of Wyoming's land was owned by the railroad ...	Checkerboard Lands - 2007
Coal Thickness Mystery Coal seams in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming may have originated from	Powder River Coal – A Geological Mystery - 2007
The Sheepman vs. The Cattleman There were numerous conflicts between sheepmen and cattlemen in Wyoming's	Range Wars - 2007
The Pumpkin Buttes The Pumpkin Buttes of Wyoming offer spectacular views of the surrounding areas ...	Pumpkin Buttes - 2007
Ants Ants are mighty soil movers that help water and oxygen move into the soil ...	ANTS - 2007
Trona and Soda Ash 94% of America's and 25% of the world's supply of Soda Ash is produced in	Trona - 2007
The Medicine Lodge The Medicine Lodge was used by humans for over 10000 years ...	The Medicine Lodge - 2007
Xeriscape Many native Wyoming plants are ideal for use in landscaping activities ...	Xeriscaping - 2007
Red Gulch Dinosaur Track Site Dinosaur tracks can be found embedded in limestone near Greybull Wyoming ...	Dinosaur Track Site - 2007
Clinker - A Coal Byproduct Clinker is red rocks that are a result of coal seam fires ...	Clinkers in Northeast Wyoming - 2007
Powder River Coal Beds Wyoming's mines produce 400 millions tons of coal each year ...	Powder River Coal Beds – A True WOW - 2007
Research at the Teapot dome Oil Field The uses of hot mineral water are being researched at the Teapot Dome oil field ...	Teapot Dome Research - 2007
Wyoming's Impact Crater 190 million years ago a meteorite hit Wyoming ...	Wyoming's Impact Crater - 2007
Fire, Ash, and Nutrient Management Location plays a large role in whether ash from fire becomes a nutrient or a	Nutrient Loss From Fire - 2006
Plant Regeneration after Fire Strategies woody plants have for regenerating after a fire ...	Woody Plant Regeneration After Fire - 2006
Wildfire and Wildlife The pros and cons of wildfire on wildlife habitat ...	Wildlife and Fire - 2006
Water Quality and Septic Systems Soil plays a key role in the function of a septic system ...	Exurban Water Quality - 2006
Renewal after Fire The truth about wild fire ...	Fire Nutrient Cycling - 2006
Water Quality Water is the life blood of Wyoming and the West ...	Stream Water Quality - 2006
Modern Day Cattle Drives When encountering a cattle drive, slow down, watch carefully, and be patient ...	Cattle Drives - 2006
Forb Communities Forb communities are both beautiful and diverse additions to Wyoming's natural	Forb Communities - 2006
Exurban Development Exurban development is on the rise and impacts the largest number of land acres	Exurban Development - 2006
Urban Wildlife Wildlife and humans can get along together as long as few precautions are taken ...	Urban Wildlife - 2006
Small Acreage Landowner Education Senator Thomas speaks about small acreage landowner education efforts ...	Small Acreage Education Efforts - 2006
Frozen Water Snow and ice are frozen water which have some unique properties ...	Snowpack - 2006
Range Improvements Range improvements are used by ranchers to ensure proper livestock	Rangeland Improvements - 2006
The Hot Spring Pools of Thermopolis Water in the hotsprings of Thermopolis is thought to originate in the Owl Creek	Hot Springs - Thermopolis - 2006
The Oregon Trail Ruts Wagon trail tracks were worn into the soft rocks during the western immigration	Oregon Trail Ruts - 2006
Fort Laramie Fort Laramie served many purposes throughout history ...	Fort Laramie - 2006
Ayres Natural Bridge Natural bridges are formed by flowing water ...	Ayers Natural Bridge - 2006
The Spanish Diggings Mining has a long and facinating history in Wyoming ...	Spanish Diggings - 2006
Migration - A Two Way Street Animals migrate to and from summer and winter ranges along known pathways ...	Migration - 2006
Behavior on a Sage Grouse Lek Late March to early April is when sage grouse begin their courtship behavior ...	Sage Grouse Lek - 2006
Spring - An Invigorating Season In the spring, new green plant growth follows the melting snow up elevation	Snowline Green-up - 2006
Insulation Many of our technological inovations are based on strategies that nature has	Insulation - 2006
Hibernation Wildife hibernate to cope with extreme winter temperatures ...	Hibernation - 2006
Snowpack Monitoring Snowpack is monitored so that important decisions about water availability can be	Snowtel Measurement - 2006
Cooperative Permitee Monitoring Grazing permitees and agency range managers work together to monitor public	Common Ground - State of Rangelands - 2006
Rangeland Monitoring Today, ranchers are using active monitoring techniques to ensure healthy	Rangeland Today - 2006
Wyoming - A Prime Location for Wind Power A gap in the Rocky Mountians forms a giant wind tunnel that channels wind through	Wind Energy - 2006
Bureau of Land Managment The BLM manages over 18 million acres in Wyoming ...	Bureau of Land Management - 2006
Lodgepole Pine Lodgepole pines are long lived trees that have been used by humans for	Lodgepole Pine - 2006
Forest Service - A History The Forest Service was created by President Theodore Roosevelt and forester	United States Forest Service - 2006
Historic Trails Across Wyoming Is it possible that some of the impacts on grazing lands we see today could be	Multiple Pioneer Trails - 2005
Range Water Developments Range water developments are management toos used by ranchers to distribute	Range Water Development - 2005
Rabbitbrush There are 10 different types of rabbitbrush found in Wyoming ...	Rabbitbrush - 2005
Black Hills - An Island in the Plains The Black Hills have a strong history and are an important ecosystem of	Black Hills - Island in the Plains - 2005
Montane Forests Montane forests are found in the lower to mid elevation vegetation zones of	Montane Forest - 2005
Sagebrush Species Wyoming as 13 different species of sagebrush ...	Sagebrush Species - 2005
The Greater Sage Grouse Sage grouse are long lived upland game birds and are an important wildlife	Sage Grouse - 2005
Willows-An Important Plant Species Wills are found at all elevations in Wyoming ...	Willow - 2005
Glaciation Glaciation formed many of Wyoming's mountains valleys and lakes ...	Glaciation - 2005
The Subalpine Forests of Wyoming Subalpine forests are unique plant communities found interdispersed with	Sub-Alpine Forest - 2005
High Elevation Plants High elevation plants have adapted to the harsh conditions they are exposed to ...	High Altitude Plants - 2005
Borrow Ditches or Highway Right-of-ways Highway right-of-ways look different than the native land across the fence because	Borrow Ditches (Rights of Way) - 2005
Wyoming's Alpine Tundra Plants of the alpine tundra are uniquely adapted to the harsh gowing conditions ...	Wyoming Tundra - 2005
Oak: A Hardy Tree of Wyoming Oak trees provide us with wood that is used for many purposes ...	Oaks - 2005
Indian Uses of Bison Indians used the entire bison and wasted very little of their kills ...	All But the Bellow! - 2005
Bees-Important Pollinators Bees do more that make honey, they are an intergral part of Wyoming's	Bees - 2005
Alkali Flats of Wyoming Alkali flats occur at low elevations and on fine textured, saline soils, where plants	Alkali Flats - 2005
The Vore Buffalo Jump Indians used the buffalo jump to harvest the large amounts of hide and meat that	Buffalo Jump - 2005
Blackhills--A meeting Ground The Blackhills provide a unique meeting ground for many plants and animals ...	Black Hills - A Meeting Ground - 2005
Predation--A Natural Fact Predation occurs at all levels of the food chain ...	Predation - 2004
Wyoming's Grazers and Browsers Grazers and browsers have different adaptations that allow them to forage on	Grazers and Browsers - 2004
Elk--A Picturesque Icon of the American West Elk harbor brucellosis, a disease which is a big problem for the cattle industry and	Elk - 2004
The American Bison The American Bison--An important part of our western heritage ...	Bison - 2004
Krumholz--The Zone of Twisted Wood The timberline is influenced by harsh climatic conditions of ice, cold, and wind ...	The Krumholz - 2005
Geologic History of Wyoming Wyoming is a product of its upbringing or its geologic history ...	Geologic History - 2004
The Carbon Cycle Carbon is found everywhere in Wyoming--From the rangelands to the forests, from	Carbon Cycle - 2004
Prairie Dogs 2 Prairie dogs provide unique habitat for some of Wyoming's wildlife ...	Prairie Dogs - 2004
Bentonite and Its Uses Wonder where your cat litter comes from? Wyoming, that's where! ...	Bentonite - 2004
Erosion Over Time You can see erosion at work throughout Wyoming's landscapes ...	Erosion - 2004
Soil Textures Soil textures contribute to the many varieties of soils found in Wyoming ...	Soil Texture - 2004
Antelope--The Speed Demons of North America The pronghorn antelope serves as an icon of Wyoming's wildlife ...	Antelope - 2004
Plant Dispersal The unique ways of how plant expand their territory are explored in this video clip ...	Plant dispersal - 2004
"How's Your Weather, Up There?" Wyoming's unique weather is dependent upon its distance from the oceans, the	Climate of Wyo - 2004
Topography and Plant Responses Elevation is a major indicator of what plants will be present in a given area of	Topography - 2004
Curlleaf Mountainmahogany-One Tough Plant Curlleaf mountainmahogany provides good winter browse for deer ...	Mountain Mahogany - 2004
Wildflowers are Important Plant Community Species A look at two important wildflowers on Wyoming's Rangelands ...	Special Roles of Forbs - 2004
Plant Adaptations to Wyoming's Rangelands Plants have developed many ways to survive in the arid rangelands of Wyoming ...	Plant Adaptations - 2004
Salt Cedar and Russian Olive Importing other plants from non-native sources should be done carefully and with	Salt Cedar and Russian Olive - 2004
Sucession After Fire 2 Sucession is the process of one plant community after the other inheriting the	Succession - 2004
Animal Nutrition Native animals match their seasonal nutritional requirements to the quality of	Low winter nutrition - cattle- 2003
Relic Areas Relic areas or undisturbed rangelands serve as standards of comparison for	Relic areas as standards for comparison- 2003
Dams and River Ecology Dams affect the stream ecology in numerous ways ...	Point bars and cottonwoods- 2003
Wyoming Water Rights Water vastly increase land productivity, value, and ability to sustain agriculture ...	Water rights and irrigation- 2003
Cropland-a Manamade Plant Community Croplands are madmade plant communities that are labor intensive and provide us	Cropland - 2004
Living Soil The soil is an incredible living system ...	Soil Community - 2004
Introduced Plant Species 1-10% of introduced plant species are invases and cause problems, the other 90-	Native and Introduced Plants - 2004
Wind Pollination Grasses use wind for pollination so other resources can be used for other types of	Wind Pollination - 2004
Plant Lifeforms Range managers classify plants into four categories, based on lifeform--grasses,	Plant Life Forms - 2004
Precipitation Distribution Plant community composition depends greatly on precipitation distribution ...	Distribution of Precipitation - 2004
Cool Season Plants Cool season plant take advantage of spring and fall moisture and go dormant in the	Cool Season - 2004
Communities of Wyoming Communities are found within our natural resources, just as they are found in the	The Community Concept - 2004
Snow Sublimation Snow sublimation--a phenomenon of blowing snow ...	Snow sublimation - 2003
Snow Fences The snow fence is a product of Wyoming based research ...	Snow fence- 2003
Wild Horses Wild horse populations double themselves every 5 years ...	Wild horses- 2003
Deer Winter Range Winter range, which may be in your backyard, provides high quality feed for deer. ...	Deer on winter range- 2003
Martin's Cove Leaving your car while traveling during a winter strom is dangerous just as it was	Martin’s Cove- 2003
Limber Pine Limber pine and white bark pine are important to Wyoming's wildlife and rangeland	Limber pine- 2003
Small Acreage Ranch Management Corrals are subjected to large ammounts of disturbance and intense grazing,	Five acre corrals- 2003
The Salt Desert Shrub Ecosystem Salt desert shrub ecosystems contribute to the diversity of Wyoming's rangelands ...	Salt desert shrub ecosystem- 2003
Reclaiming Wyoming's Rangelands Without top soil, land reclamation is more difficult ...	Reclaimed land- 2003
Rock Art and Fossil Fuels Wyoming contains abundant and diverse natural resources. ...	Rock art and oil wells- 2003
Autumn Leaves Exploring the why and how of leaf color change ...	Fall leaf color- 2003
The Grazing Equation Grazing management is not rocket science ...	Fencelines and grazing equations- 2003
Sagebrush Thinning Sagebrush needs to be thinned to maintain diverse and productive sagebrush and	Sage thinning- 2003
Cool and Warm Season Grasses Cool and warm season grasses contribute to the diversity of Wyoming's	Cool season vs. warm season- 2003
Tree Age Diversity Tree population vitality depends on there being different age groups in that	Tree age and diversity- 2003
Leafy Spurge-A Noxious Weed Leafy Spurge has many qualities that enable it to survive and outcompete native	Leafy spurge- 2003
Succession After Fire Non-woody plants are first of establish after a fire, followed by the woody plants, this	Succession after fire- 2003
Aspen-Fire Ecology The Aspen's competitor is the conifer and thus Aspen communities need fire to	Aspen fire ecology- 2003
Bunch Grasses Bunch grasses make sense in Wyoming's arid rangelands ...	Clump grasses- 2003
Erosion-A Natural Phenomenon Erosion and the mountain building process ...	Erosion in Wind Rivers- 2003
Ponderosa Pine-Fire Ecology Fire is a natural occuring aspect in a Ponderosa Pine dominated plant	Ponderosa pine fire ecology- 2003
Indian Paintbrush Wyoming's state flower-The Wyoming Indian Paintbrush ...	Indian paintbrush- 2003
Prairie Dogs The pros and cons of prairie dogs and other burrowing animals ...	Burrowers and bugs- 2003
Plant Community Objectives Grazing as a tool for reaching a desired plant community objective ...	Managing for objectives- 2003
Wyoming-A Headwater State The Green River basin and its importance to Wyoming's economy ...	Green River Drainage – Wyoming basins- 2003
Herbivory and Herbivores The plant components found on today's rangelands are a result of past	Herbivory- 2003
Hydrological Drought Hydrological Drought and the Importance of Stored Water ...	Hydrologic drought- 2003
Cheatgrass Cheatgrass and its strategies for survival ...	Plant cheating strategies- 2003
Natural Landscape Mosaics Diverse rangelands create productive and beautiful landscape mosaics ...	Land as a mosaic- 2003
Grasses of Sandy Range Sites Prairie Sand Reed and other grasses that are indicative of sandy range sites. ...	Grasses as indicators- 2003
History, Geology, and Ecology of Wyoming The history, geology, and ecology of a landscape are all intertwined ...	Ecology, geology, and history at Historic Trails Center- 2003
Snowdrifts Make Microclimates Drifting snow is subjected to deposition by Sage and shrubs, perpetuating the	Benefits of snow drifts- 2003
Sagebrush Ecology - Roots Sagebrush are spectacularly well adapted to flourish in arid environments ...	Sagebrush roots and soil moisture- 2003
Feeding Deer in Winter Wintertime feeding wild deer may not be well advised. ...	Deer feed in winter- 2003
	The Water Cycle - 2004
	Invasive Weeds - 2004
	Plant Oils (oils of essence) - 2004
	Getting Down and Dirty - 2004
	Potential - 2004
	Warm Season - 2004